经济学人:全球化放缓(2)
日期:2019-02-01 18:56

(单词翻译:单击)

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Globalisation has slowed from light speed to a snail’s pace in the past decade for several reasons. The cost of moving goods has stopped falling. Multinational firms have found that global sprawl burns money and that local rivals often eat them alive. Activity is shifting towards services, which are harder to sell across borders: scissors can be exported in 20ft-containers, hair stylists cannot. And Chinese manufacturing has become more self-reliant, so needs to import fewer parts.
过去十年,全球化从光速放缓至蜗牛速,几个原因如下InJ8.MHu;N)YB。运输货物的成本已停止下降5A+yKt&*H1M|E。跨国公司发现,全球扩张烧钱,而当地竞争对手常常将其生吞Xf2mDKtDc[(aEX(=2。商业活动正转向服务领域,这些领域更难跨国销售:剪刀可以装到20英尺集装箱出口,但发型师不能w-r|oe%^ew@T8F)9!tTa。且中国制造业已经变得更加自力更生,因此零部件进口需求更低&2U|Gy^CzY(u7^SkPDz
This is the fragile backdrop to Mr Trump’s trade war. Tariffs tend to get the most attention. If America ratchets up duties on China in March, as it has threatened, the average tariff rate on all American imports will rise to 3.4%, its highest for 40 years. (Most firms plan to pass the cost on to customers.) Less glaring, but just as pernicious, is that rules of commerce are being rewritten around the world. The principle that investors and firms should be treated equally regardless of their nationality is being ditched.
这就是特朗普贸易战的脆弱背景l90!;iIr_T。最受关注的是关税YV(VhmGTVlI。若美国实践其威胁论,在3月份提高对中国的关税,那么所有美国进口商品的平均关税将上升到3.4%,为40年来的最高水平stYM,i32Eb。(大多数公司计划让消费者承担成本l0t#AlDN1eB。)世界各地正在重写商业规则,虽然由此引起的负面影响没那么大,但还是要引起警觉wYi7AEOG&;kz|CB;|。原先的原则“无论哪个国家的投资者和公司都应得到平等对待”正在被丢弃0iVC3cYFZYUhA7|S

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Evidence for this is everywhere. Geopolitical rivalry is gripping the tech industry, which accounts for about 20% of world stockmarkets. Rules on privacy, data and espionage are splintering. Tax systems are being bent to patriotic ends—in America to prod firms to repatriate capital, in Europe to target Silicon Valley. America and the EU have new regimes for vetting foreign investment. America has weaponised the power it gets from running the world’s dollar-payments system, to punish foreigners such as Huawei. Even humdrum areas such as accounting and antitrust are fragmenting.
而证据信手拈来wc~_.YdyVQ[。地缘政治的竞争正困扰着占世界股市20%的科技行业ND@^el*r.s7X4oe0k。有关隐私、数据和间谍活动的规定正分崩离析mR.4J,@WwDtnd|~=!=g。税收系统正出于爱国主义妥协——美国促使企业将资本汇回国内,欧洲则以硅谷为目标mg,t-2R9b_-xJ-B0。美国和欧盟对于境外投资有一套新的审核制度,目标是为惩罚诸如华为这样的外企j&pXfM[bs&+n4IJjH+d。就连会计和反垄断等不起眼的领域也在分崩离析KmTDg84bIc4@.tF

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重点单词
  • fragileadj. 易碎的,脆的,精细的
  • evidencen. 根据,证据 v. 证实,证明
  • importn. 进口,进口商品,意义 v. 进口,输入
  • backdropn. 背景幕,背景
  • principlen. 原则,原理,主义,信念
  • perniciousadj. 有害的,恶性的 邪恶的
  • grippingadj. 引起注意的 动词grip的现在分词形式
  • repatriaten. 被遣返回国者 vt. 把 ... 遣返回国
  • humdrumadj. 单调的,乏味的 n. 乏味的谈话
  • glaringadj. 耀眼的,炫目的,怒视的 动词glare的现在分