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GRE出国考试模拟试题(18)
日期:2013-03-19 17:39

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  GRE出国考试模拟试题18

  SECTION 3

  Time –30 minutes

  38 Questions

  1. It is assumed that scientists will avoid making ____claims about the results of their experiments because of the likelihood that they will be exposed when other researchers cannot____their findings.

  (A) hypothetical.. evaluate

  (B) fraudulent.. duplicate

  (C) verifiable.. contradict

  (D) radical.. contest

  (E) extravagant.. dispute

  2. As long as the nuclear family is____a larger kinship group through contiguous residence on undivided land, the pressure to____and thus to get along with relatives is strong.

  (A) nurtured among.. abstain

  (B) excluded from.. compromise

  (C) embedded in .. share

  (D) scattered throughout.. reject

  (E) accepted by .. lead

  3. In contrast to the substantial muscular activity required for inhalation, exhalation is usually a ____ process.

  (A) slow

  (B) passive

  (C) precise

  (D) complex

  (E) conscious

  4. The documentary film about high school life was so realistic and ____ that feelings of nostalgia flooded over the college-age audience.

  (A) logical

  (B) pitiful

  (C) evocative

  (D) critical

  (E) clinical

  5. Although Georgia O'Keeffe is best known for her affinity with the desert landscape, her paintings of urban subjects____ her longtime residency in New York City.

  (A) condemn

  (B) obfuscate

  (C) attest to

  (D) conflict with

  (E) contend with

  6. Even though the survey was designated as an inter-disciplinary course, it involved no real ____ of

subject matter.

  (A) encapsulation

  (B) organization

  (C) synthesis

  (D) discussion

  (E) verification

  7. The failure of many psychotherapists to____the results of pioneering research could be due in part to the specialized nature of such findings: even ____ findings may not be useful.

  (A) understand.. baffling

  (B) envision.. accessible

  (C) utilize.. momentous

  (D) reproduce.. duplicated

  (E) affirm.. controversial

  8. EARPLUG: NOISE

  (A) saw: wood

  (B) detonation: explosion

  (C) clothes: covering

  (D) liquid: flask

  (E) shield: impact

  9. REVISE: MANUSCRIPT

  (A) retouch: picture

  (B) replicate: experiment

  (C) repair: hammer

  (D) replace: book

  (E) restore: masterpiece

  10. DAREDEVIL: AUDACITY

  (A) malcontent: dissatisfaction

  (B) perfectionist: patience

  (C) cynic: indiscretion

  (D) melancholic: bitterness

  (E) hedonist: ambition

  11. CALCIUM: MINERAL

  (A) sugar: carbohydrate

  (B) salt: solution

  (C) enzyme: food

  (D) milk: cheese

  (E) calorie: diet

  12. DIRGE: GRIEF

  (A) diatribe: uneasiness

  (B) parody: cruelty

  (C) paean: praise

  (D) testimonial: veracity

  (E) anthem: seriousness

  13. ABANDON: INHIBITION

  (A) ascendancy: effort

  (B) prickliness: sensation

  (C) surrender: resignation

  (D) reversal: instigation

  (E) tranquillity: agitation

  14. INAUGURATION: OFFICIAL

  (A) instruction: lecturer

  (B) election: politician

  (C) pilgrimage: devotee

  (D) dispute: arbitrator

  (E) matriculation: student

  15. SCORN: REJECT

  (A) adulate: flatter

  (B) conjecture: forecast

  (C) pledge: renege

  (D) allege: declare

  (E) disparage: ignore

  16. PROFLIGATE: SOLVENT

  (A) mercurial: committed

  (B) caustic: rational

  (C) indecisive: confused

  (D) cautious: uncertain

  (E) practical: seemly

  As people age, their cells become less efficient and

  less able to replace damaged components. At the same

  time their tissues stiffen. For example, the lungs and the

  heart muscle expand less successfully, the blood vessels

  (5) become increasingly rigid, and the ligaments and tendons

  tighten.

  Few investigators would attribute such diverse effects

  to a single cause. Nevertheless, researchers have discov-

  ered that a process long known to discolor and toughen

  (10)foods may also contribute to age- related impairment of

  both cells and tissues. That process is nonenzymatic

  glycosylation, whereby glucose becomes attached to pro-

  teins without the aid of enzymes. When enzymes attach

  glucose to proteins (enzymatic glycosylation), they do so

  (15)at a specific site on a specific protein molecule for a

  specific purpose. In contrast, the nonenzymatic process

  adds glucose haphazardly to any of several sites along

  any available peptide chain within a protein molecule.

  This nonenzymatic glycosylation of certain proteins

  (20)has been understood by food chemists for decades,

  although few biologists recognized until recently that the

  same steps could take place in the body. Nonenzymatic

  glycosylation begins when an aldehyde group (CHO) of

  glucose and an amino group (NH2) of a protein are

  (25)attracted to each other. The molecules combine, forming

  what is called a Schiff base within the protein. This com-

  bination is unstable and quickly rearranges itself into a

  stabler, but still reversible, substance known as an

  Amadori product.

  (30) If a given protein persists in the body for months or

  years, some of its Amadori products slowly dehydrate and

  rearrange themselves yet again, into new glucose-derived

  structures. These can combine with various kinds of mol-

  ecules to form irreversible structures named advanced

  (35)glycosylation end products (AGE's). Most AGE's are

  yellowish brown and fluorescent and have specific spec-

  trographic properties. More important for the body, many

  are also able to cross-link adjacent proteins, particularly

  ones that give structure to tissues and organs. Although

  (40)no one has yet satisfactorily described the origin of all

  such bridges between proteins, many investigators agree

  that extensive cross-linking of proteins probably contrib-

  utes to the stiffening and loss of elasticity characteristic

  of aging tissues.

  (45) In an attempt to link this process with the develop-

  ment of cataracts (the browning and clouding of the lens

  of the eye as people age), researchers studied the effect

  of glucose on solutions of purified crystallin, the major

  protein in the lens of the eye. Glucose-free solutions

  (50) remained clear, but solutions with glucose caused the

  proteins to form clusters, suggesting that the molecules

  had become cross-linked. The clusters diffracted light,

  making the solution opaque. The researchers also

  discovered that the pigmented cross-links in human

  (55)cataracts have the brownish color and fluorescence

  characteristic of AGE's. These data suggest that

  nonenzymatic glycosylation of lens crystallins may

  contribute to cataract formation.

  17.With which of the following statements concerning

  the stiffening of aging tissues would the author most

  likely agree?

  (A) It is caused to a large degree by an increased

  rate of cell multiplication.

  (B) It paradoxically both helps and hinders the

  longevity of proteins in the human body.

  (C) It can be counteracted in part by increased

  ingestion of glucose-free foods.

  (D) It is exacerbated by increased enzymatic

  glycosylation.

  (E) It probably involves the nonenzymatic glycosyla-

  tion of proteins.

  18. According to the passage, which of the following

  statements is true of the process that discolors and

  toughens foods?

  (A) It takes place more slowly than glycosylation in

  the human body.

  (B) It requires a higher ratio of glucose to protein

  than glycosylation requires in the human body.

  (C) It does not require the aid of enzymes to attach glucose to protein.

  (D) It proceeds more quickly when the food proteins have a molecular structure similar to that of crystallin proteins.

  (E) Its effectiveness depends heavily on the amount of environmental moisture.

  19. According to the passage, which of the following is characteristic of enzymatic glycosylation of proteins?

  (A) AGE's are formed after a period of months or years.

  (B) Proteins affected by the process are made unstable.

  (C) Glucose attachment impairs and stiffens tissues.

  (D) Glucose is attached to proteins for specific purposes.

  (E) Amino groups combine with aldehyde groups to form Schiff bases.

  20. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of Amadori products in proteins?

  (A) They are more plentiful in a dehydrated environment.

  (B) They are created through enzymatic glycosylation.

  (C) They are composed entirely of glucose molecules.

  (D) They are derived from Schiff bases.

  (E) They are derived from AGE's

  21. Which of the following best describes the function of the third paragraph of the passage (lines 19-29)?

  (A) It offers evidence that contradicts the findings described in the first two paragraphs.

  (B) It presents a specific example of the process discussed in the first two paragraphs.

  (C) It explains a problem that the researchers mentioned in the second paragraph have yet to solve.

  (D) It evaluates the research discoveries described in the previous paragraph.

  (E) It begins a detailed description of the process introduced in the previous two paragraphs.

  22. The passage suggests that which of the following would be LEAST important in determining whether nonenzymatic glycosylation is likely to have taken place in the proteins of a particular tissue?

  (A) The likelihood that the tissue has been exposed to free glucose

  (B) The color and spectrographic properties of structures within the tissue.

  (C) The amount of time that the proteins in the tissue have persisted in the body

  (D) The number of amino groups within the proteins in the tissue

  (E) The degree of elasticity that the tissue exhibits

  23. If the hypothesis stated in lines 56-58 is true, it can be inferred that the crystallin proteins in the lenses of people with cataracts

  (A) have increased elasticity

  (B) do not respond to enzymatic glycosylation

  (C) are more susceptible to stiffening than are

  other proteins

  (D) are at least several months old

  (E) respond more acutely than other proteins to changes in moisture levels

  Writing of the Iroquois nation, Smith has argued that through the chiefs' council, tribal chiefs traditionally maintained complete control over the political affairs of both the Iroquois tribal league and the individual tribes

  (5) belonging to the league, whereas the sole jurisdiction over religious affairs resided with the shamans.

  According to Smith, this division was maintained until the late nineteenth century, when the dissolution of the chiefs' council and the consequent diminishment of the

  (10) chiefs' political power fostered their increasing involvement in religious affairs.

  However, Smith fails to recognize that this division of power between the tribal chiefs and shamans was not actually rooted in Iroquois tradition; rather, it resulted

  (15) from the Iroquois' resettlement on reservations early in the nineteenth century. Prior to resettlement, the chiefs'council controlled only the broad policy of the tribal league; individual tribes had institutions― most important, the longhouse to govern their own affairs. In the

  (20) longhouse, the tribe's chief influenced both political and religious affairs.

  24.The primary purpose of the passage is to

  (A) question the published conclusions of a scholar concerning the history of the Iroquois nation

  (B) establish the relationship between an earlier scholar's work and new anthropological research

  (C) summarize scholarly controversy concerning an incident from Iroquois history.

  (D) trace two generations of scholarly opinion concerning Iroquois social institutions

  (E) differentiate between Iroquois political practices and Iroquois religious practices

  25. It can be inferred that the author of the passage regards Smith's argument as

  (A) provocative and potentially useful, but flawed by poor organization

  (B) eloquently presented, but needlessly inflammatory

  (C) accurate in some of its particulars, but inaccurate with regard to an important point.

  (D) historically sound, but overly detailed and redundant

  (E) persuasive in its time, but now largely outdated

  26. The author of the passage implies that which of the following occurred after the Iroquois were resettled on reservations early in the nineteenth century?

  (A) Chiefs became more involved in their tribes'religious affairs.

  (B) The authority of the chiefs' council over the affairs of individual tribes increased.

  (C) The political influence of the Iroquois shamans was diminished.

  (D) individual tribes coalesced into the Iroquois tribal league.

  (E) The longhouse because a political rather than a religious institution.

  27. Which of the following best expresses an opinion presented by the author of the passage?

  (A) Smith has overstated the importance of the political role played by Iroquois tribal chiefs in the nineteenth century.

  (B) Smith has overlooked the fact that the Iroquois rarely allowed their shamans to exercise political authority.

  (C) Smith has failed to explain why the chiefs'council was dissolved late in the nineteenth century.

  (D) Smith has failed to acknowledge the role prior to the nineteenth century of the Iroquois tribal chiefs in religious affairs.

  (E) Smith has failed to recognize that the very structure of Iroquois social institutions reflects religious beliefs.

  28. DRONE:

  (A) behave bestially

  (B) decide deliberately

  (C) err intentionally

  (D) speak animatedly

  (E) plan inefficiently

  29.CERTAINTY:

  (A) obstinacy

  (B) impetuosity

  (C) recklessness

  (D) indecision

  (E) indifference

  30. MORIBUND:

  (A) fully extended

  (B) automatically controlled

  (C) loosely connected

  (D) completely dispersed

  (E) increasingly vital

  31. PROFANE:

  (A) approach expectantly

  (B) punish mildly

  (C) appease fully

  (D) treat reverently

  (E) admonish sternly

  32. PERSONABLE:

  (A) unrefined

  (B) unselfish

  (C) unattractive

  (D) uncommitted

  (E) undistinguished

  33. MIRE:

  (A) straighten

  (B) fracture

  (C) extricate

  (D) elevate

  (E) augment

  34. CONCEPTUAL:

  (A) proven

  (B) effective

  (C) manageable

  (D) concrete

  (E) punctilious

  35. SURFEIT:

  (A) precise length

  (B) delayed increment

  (C) obtainable quantity

  (D) unascertained limit

  (E) insufficient supply

  36. TENACITY:

  (A) vacillation

  (B) servility

  (C) temerity

  (D) perversity

  (E) diversity

  37. APPOSITE:

  (A) irrelevant

  (B) nameless

  (C) tentative

  (D) disfavored

  (E) lavish

  38. STYMIE:

  (A) ponder

  (B) predict

  (C) divulge

  (D) abet

  (E) explain

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重点单词
  • unattractiveadj. 不吸引人注意的;没有魅力的;不美丽的
  • persuasiveadj. 有说服力的,令人信服的
  • affirmvt. 证实,断言,肯定 vi. 断言,申明
  • synthesisn. 合成,综合,推理
  • irrelevantadj. 不恰当的,无关系的,不相干的
  • dehydratev. (使)脱水,(使)干燥
  • indifferencen. 不重视,无兴趣,漠不关心
  • preciseadj. 精确的,准确的,严格的,恰好的
  • shieldn. 盾,防卫物,盾状物 vt. 保护,遮蔽
  • clinicaladj. 临床的