VOA慢速英语(翻译+字幕+讲解):化验艾滋病的更简单设备
日期:2013-12-19 10:49

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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From VOA Learning English, this is the Health Report.

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December 1 marked World Aids Day. People around the world join together to celebrate progress in fighting acquired immune deficiency syndrome, better known as AIDS.

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A new device aims to make identification of AIDS easier and to lower the cost of testing in developing countries. The device is used to count a disease-fighting white blood cells called the CD4 cell.

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CD4 cells (bright green) are captured in between posts in an anti-CD4 capture chamber, which is part of the newly developed lab-on-a-chip. (Science Translational Medicine/AAAS)

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The human immunodeficiency virus -- HIV attacks and destroys CD4 cells making patients unable to fight off infection. Doctors often suggest patients use antiretroviral drugs to help strengthen the body's natural defences for fighting disease. A CD4 cell count can help doctors decide if the drug treatment is necessary or not.

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The count requires a blood sample and a laboratory equipped to study the cells. This can be difficult to do in some African nations where many people have AIDS but where testing laboratories are in short supply.

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Rashid Bashir heads the bioengineering department at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He and his team have developed the new device which they call "lab on a chip". It is a 3-centimeter-by-4-centimeter cartridge with all the equipment and chemicals needed to perform a CD4 cell count.

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"The promise is to bring the lab to the patient rather than the patient to the lab," he said.

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The device uses just a drop of blood. It separates the white cells from the red cells which carry oxygen. It then counts the CD4 cells immediately.

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Rashid Bashir has a financial interest in a business called Daktari Diagnostics. The company is working to market the "lab on a chip" and develop a hand-held device to read the results.

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Xuanhong Cheng is a bioengineering professor at Lehigh University in Pennsylvania. She is not involved in Mr Bashir's research, but she says combining processing and identification in one chip is more helpful than other CD4 counters in development.

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"A lot of people just look at the detection side. But if the sample has to be processed using very complicated methods, then it's still not quite applicable in resource-limited settings," she said.

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Ms Cheng says it will be at least a few years before any of those devices is available on the market. She is also working on developing a CD4 counter.

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"The way that we make a device in a lab is very different from industrial manufacturing processes. So, the process is not as straightforward as some people would think," she said.

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There is an urgent need for better CD4 tests, and she says she is happy about the competition.

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And that's the Health Report from VOA Learning English. I'm Milagros Ardin.

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文本来自51voa,译文属可可原创,仅供学习交流使用,未经许可请勿转载

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词汇解释

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1.immunodeficiency n. [免疫] 免疫缺陷

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These conclusions have emerged from observations of persons exhibiting different states of immunodeficiency.
这些结论是从观察人的各种免疫缺陷症状得出的;~JZ%eN|!W.RlYUAU_D

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2.antiretroviral adj. 抗逆转录病毒的,抗后病毒的

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We will expand the access to life-saving lifesaving antiretroviral drugs.
我们将增加获得抗逆转录病毒治疗的救命药物的途径VZ.Zx,iymbo

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3.bioengineering n. 生物工程;[生物物理] 生物工程学

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This university boasts the most advanced bioengineering institute in the country.
这所大学拥有全国最先进的生物工程研究所Hv]0!W-t%Z=30w[77d

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4.cartridge 弹药筒,打印机的(墨盒);[摄] 暗盒;笔芯;一卷软片

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This rifle only holds one cartridge.
这支来复枪只能装一发子弹MKYE2VS|gKy*XW+

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内容解析

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1.The human immunodeficiency virus -- HIV attacks and destroys CD4 cells making patients unable to fight off infection.

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fight off 击退;排斥;竭力避免

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He fought off three men who attacked him.
他击退了三个向他袭击的人#b_SsO[yA2p2~UW~bkmx

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Did your husband manage to fight off his cold by taking aspirin?
你丈夫服用阿司匹林治好感冒了吗?

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He's been fighting Nina off for years but she'll catch him in the end.
多年来他一直在躲避尼娜,可最终她总会撞见他的4X4TM1!KkHJXyG%hJmd[

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参考译文

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这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道)eD@.f58NeM[

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12月1日是世界艾滋病日,全世界的人们一道庆祝在抗击获得性免疫缺乏综合症(AIDS)上取得的进步+X.q0x;_*M

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有一种新设备能使得发展中国家的艾滋病的识别更容易,同时降低其化验成本rjIbPsa%DuE^=ey54c。该设备用来计算与疾病作斗争的白细胞的数量,这种细胞名叫CD4细胞^dD.2@^T]l

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人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)入侵并毁掉CD4细胞,使得病人无法对付感染)=dYf4cHXkNEuu。医生通常建议病人使用反转录药物来帮助恢复身体对抗疾病的天然抵抗力Ha@+K(M1;-。CD4细胞计算设备能帮助医生决定是否有必要进行药物治疗)Y6fso*C)4p9PU1^

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该设备需要血液样本和实验室来研究细胞,在非洲一些国家很难做到这一点,因为那里有很多人身患艾滋病,但缺少化验实验室r|evB%LNL%a07~s7P

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拉希德·巴希尔是伊利诺伊大学厄本那香槟分校生物工程学院院长,他和他的团队开发这种被命名为为“芯片实验室”的新设备,是个3*4厘米规格的盒子,里面有进行CD4细胞计算的所有设备和化学品dA*HBqXoorg6CrPr

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“我们希望将实验室带到病人身边,而不是将病人带到实验室yI]vDl|CJ)D。”

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该设备只需要一滴血,将白细胞与携带氧的红细胞分开,然后立即清点CD4细胞的数量-cvqv_!Tzr)!8*&

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拉希德·巴希尔在Daktari Diagnostics公司中拥有股份,该公司目前负责对“芯片实验室”进行市场营销,并开发能读出结果的掌上设备1;-ql%O^.MR*]([)1]

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程选红是宾夕法尼亚利哈伊大学的一位生物工程教授,她没有参与巴希尔的研究,但她说与开发中的其他CD4计算器相比,将处理和识别功能结合到一个芯片更有用mDTcKbm2*k^

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“很多人只关注检测方面,但如果样本需要特别复杂的处理手段,那么仍不能适用于资源有限的环境(o]y=HS|bMyEQn+G0(pH。”

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陈说该设备要上市还至少需要数年,她也在努力开发一种CD4计算器Q!7iz[.=VX[W^*~tu|V

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“我们在实验室制造设备的方法和工业化制造过程是很不同的,所以,这个过程并非像有的人认为的那样简单~IyvstZxc#!+。”

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目前急需更好的CD4测试方法,她说很高兴能看到竞争的存在jWxovsU(K[&i

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这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道,我是Milagros Ardine8z]w~3QN~m

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重点单词
  • syndromen. 综合症,典型表现
  • competitionn. 比赛,竞争,竞赛
  • infectionn. 传染,影响,传染病
  • identificationn. 身份的证明,视为同一,证明同一,确认
  • instituten. 学会,学院,协会 vt. 创立,开始,制定
  • devicen. 装置,设计,策略,设备
  • capturevt. 捕获,俘获,夺取,占领,迷住,(用照片等)留存
  • performv. 执行,运转,举行,表演
  • celebratev. 庆祝,庆贺,颂扬
  • availableadj. 可用的,可得到的,有用的,有效的