VOA慢速英语(翻译+字幕+讲解):科学家开发出类人体组织芯片
日期:2014-11-12 12:09

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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From VOA Learning English, this is the Technology Report.

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Testing new drugs for safety and effectiveness is a costly process in the United States. It also can take a lot of time. Some scientists are now designing silicon computer chips that act like human organs. The scientists think they have found a way to make the process faster and more economical.

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The silicon chips are smaller than a child's hand. Each one has living cells that act and react like a human organ. The chips are being created as part of a program to test the safety of drug compounds. It is called the Tissue Chip for Drug Screening Program.

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It is a project of the US National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, or NCATS. Danilo Tagle is the center's Associate Director. He says a three-dimensional computer chip can be designed to act like a human lung. He describes how such a device would operate.

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"In that case, it would be cells representing the air sacs, that would be represented on these bioengineered devices and allowing it to breathe and expand, and be able to take in air, take in fluids just like a normal lung would."

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Some computer chips contain very small models of the human digestive system. They copy the real function or duties of the human stomach and intestine, moving when breaking down food.

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Drugs are added to the tiny organs for testing through instruments known as micro-tubes. Experiments with the tissue chips have produced more detailed information than tests using animal or cell models.

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NCATS just announced $17 million in grants to develop an entire human organ system over the next three years.

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Researchers at Columbia University are working on a project that would combine models of the heart, liver and circulatory system. The scientists hope to test how well some drugs work on diseases of the heart and liver.

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At Harvard University, researchers are developing a tissue chip modeled on the heart and lungs. Together, the heart and lungs are part of the cardiopulmonary system. Both the heart and lungs are targets of some diseases. Many new drugs fail during the testing process because they may damage the heart. The Harvard researchers hope to create a cardiopulmonary system model that acts like a human system, both when it is diseased and in good, working condition.

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Researchers say they can safely test the effects of a drug on different organ systems. They can use the tissue chips to observe a drug's effect on the organ or organs it is designed to target.

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Scientists want to make the process of developing drugs simpler. They hope the chips will help them find the safest and most successful drugs before human testing begins.

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And that's the VOA Learning English Technology Report. I'm Jonathan Evans.

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文本来自51voa,译文属可可原创,仅供学习交流使用,未经许可请勿转载km9[j8h2i!]&#

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词汇解释

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1.compound vt. 合成;混合;和解妥协;搀合 vi. 和解;妥协 n. [化学] 化合物;混合物;复合词 adj. 复合的;混合的

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Organic compounds contain carbon in their molecules.
有机化合物的分子里含碳6sg]PTekrC

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2.bioengineered 生物工程(改造)的

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The bioengineered trachea immediately provided the patient with a normally functioning airway, thereby saving her life. 该生物工程气管立即为该患者提供了正常功能的气道,从而挽救了她的生命Rf;=4oIl1XbtlC

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3.intestine adj. 内部的;国内的 n. 肠

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This area is always tender to the touch if the intestines are not functioning properly.
如果肠功能不正常的话,这个部位总是一按就痛F!;zg(j.~QffiA72)

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4.cardiopulmonary adj. 心肺的;与心肺有关的

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The American Heart Association calls for chest compressions to be given at a rate of 100 per minute in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
美国心脏协会要求在心肺复苏抢救时胸部按压的节奏应为每分钟100次X6j5A]~UiF]]n

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内容解析

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1.They copy the real function or duties of the human stomach and intestine, moving when breaking down food.

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break down 分解;发生故障;失败;毁掉;制服

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Talks have broken down over the disputed territory.
对有争议的领土问题的谈判破裂了4Fxm,teg0KKbw75n1IMR

Their car broke down.
他们的车抛锚了dOcUZQ0ZFoak=INPj=

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参考译文

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这里是美国之音慢速英语科技报道xCQa6q.o+o

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测试新药物的安全性和有效性在美国是成本很高的程序,还需要花费大量时间,7lBNyrU9Y+r5|。有的科学家开始设计具备类人体器官功能的计算机硅晶片,科学家们认为他们已经找到让药物测试过程更快和成本更低的办法sUKF~,g--&EO#QeeJsA

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这些硅晶片比小孩的手还要小,每个都有能像人体器官一样运作和反应的活细胞@6VAVQLis3yZE(0。这些芯片被开发出来用于一项测试药物化合物的安全性的程序,被称做“药物筛选程序的组织芯片2hAoP|&WFyUO|7d。”

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这是美国国家先进转化科学中心(NCATS)的一个项目,达尼罗·塔格莱是该中心的副主任,他说能设计出像人体肺部一样运作的三维计算机芯片,他描述了这种设备是如何运作的K_V#W=]#E-l|

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“在这种情况下,代表肺泡的细胞能在这种生物工程设备上再现,能呼吸和扩大,像正常肺部一样吸入空气和体液zFQmrHWKgfNr。”

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有的计算机芯片含有非常小的人体消化系统模型,它们能模仿人体胃部和小肠的实际功能,在消化食物时蠕动%%mHAk]3.-wk

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然后通过名为微管的仪器将药物加到这种微小器官中,用动物或细胞模型做的实验相比,用这种组织芯片做的实验结果能产生更详尽的信息m2eJLO#(-gEi

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NCATS宣布拨款1700万美元用于未来三年内开发整个人体系统kqINPppZ!8

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哥伦比亚大学的研究者们在从事一个结合心脏、肝部和循环系统的项目,科学家们希望了解新药物对心脏病和肺病的疗效如何H7&Kc6&.PwSYD

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在哈佛大学,研究者们开发出基于心脏和肺部的组织芯片,心脏和肺部都是心肺循环的一部分sjASvW0&0~n+。心脏和肺部都是一些疾病的攻击对象,很多新药物在测试过程失败,是因为它们可能会损伤心脏rhxe*qGo#JV.J。哈佛的研究者希望创造一种心肺系统模型,无论生病还是健康,这种模型能像人体系统一样正常运行g[TriGJNTi

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研究者说他们可以用不同的器官系统来安全地测试药物的疗效,可以使用组织芯片来观察药物对器官或靶向器官中的影响naxSF)yBZ!k[g^]E

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科学家希望让开发药物过程变得更简单,希望这种芯片能帮助他们在开始人体测试之前找到安全且成功的药物|5d3g%RKT@U9w~&*M3=w

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这就是美国之音慢速英语科技报道,我是乔纳森·伊万斯CQTb!k.YQ&b0w

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重点单词
  • economicaladj. 节俭的,经济的,合算的
  • tissuen. (生物的)组织,织物,薄绢,纸巾
  • operatev. 操作,运转,经营,动手术
  • expandv. 增加,详述,扩展,使 ... 膨胀, vi. (谈
  • territoryn. 领土,版图,领域,范围
  • directorn. 董事,经理,主管,指导者,导演
  • associationn. 联合,结合,交往,协会,社团,联想
  • organicadj. 器官的,有机的,根本的,接近自然的 n. 有机
  • containvt. 包含,容纳,克制,抑制 vi. 自制
  • therebyadv. 因此,从而