VOA慢速英语(翻译+字幕+讲解):细菌可能会导致焦虑和抑郁
日期:2018-07-06 17:30

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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Study Suggests Possible Bacteria Link to Nervousness, Depression

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A new study of mice suggests bacteria may help to cause anxiety and depression in overweight people.

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The research raises questions about whether changing organisms living inside our bodies or changes in diet could help treat these conditions.

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A 2017 study found that one-third of the world's population is overweight or considered obese.

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When people become obese, this changes the processes by which the body uses food to make energy, build tissue and remove waste material. Left untreated, these changes can lead to diabetes.

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Diabetes is a serious condition. It affects how your body uses blood sugar. Obese people also have higher rates of anxiety and depression than other individuals.

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Ronald Kahn studies diabetes at Harvard Medical School in Massachusetts. He says researchers have wondered if people suffer from depression because they are obese or because of their metabolism.

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"And we asked the question, 'Maybe the metabolic link is at least partly fueled by the microbiome,'" Kahn said.

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The microbiome is the community of bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms living in your stomach. It changes with your diet. And Kahn says those changes may affect both body and mind.

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To test the theory, he and his research team fed mice a high-fat diet and studied their behavior as the animals became obese.

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In one test, they put mice in a box divided into a darkened area on one side and a light area on the other side. They found that the more nervous, anxious mice liked to spend time on the dark side.

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"And a mouse on a high fat diet will spend more time in the dark than a mouse on a normal... diet will. So, they have more sign of anxiety," Khan said.

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The anxiety went away when the mice were given antibiotic drugs.

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The researchers said this suggests that the bacteria were helping make the mice nervous.

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The researchers then wanted to see if they could produce the same effect by giving the same bacteria to animals raised in a bacteria-free environment, with no microbes of their own.

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They found that it did. Microbes from obese mice made the bacteria-free mice anxious. Microbes from obese mice given antibiotics did not.

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"It was actually quite a surprise," Khan said. "Even though we had seen some effects on metabolism in the rest of the body, I was very surprised how dramatic and how clear the effects were also on the brain and on behavior."

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A report on the study appears in the journal Molecular Psychiatry.

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Kahn noted, however, that the new study does not mean antibiotics are the cure for depression. The drug kills both good and bad microbes. Also, drug misuse is making these powerful medicines less effective.

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Another important point, he said, is that what happens in mice does not necessarily happen in humans, or it may only happen for some people.

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Gregory Simon is a mental health specialist at the Kaiser Permanente Washington Heath Research Institute. He said that it is also important to remember there is much more going on with people than just their microbes.

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"The difficulty is, both of these things, depression and obesity, are complicated things that have multiple, multiple factors influencing them," Simon said.

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He says genetics, environment, social influences and our microbes all help shape people and their behavior.

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I'm Phil Dierking.

重点解析

1.lead to 导致

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A lack of prudence may lead to financial problems.

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不够谨慎可能会导致财政上出现问题w&I!jbRVzh

2.waste material 废料;废物

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We should make use of the waste material and reduce the cost of production.

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我们要废物利用,降低成本Ig-XIP9=WOJzodWr-

3.mental health 心理健康

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Poor housing and family stress can affect both physical and mental health.

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住房条件差、家庭压力大会影响身心两方面的健康hUvqXDkYOfJK!gU

4.Even though 即使

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Even though I'm quite a reserved person, I like meeting people.

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我虽然性格极为内敛,但喜欢和人接触;bItcQcBjT3MF*m

5.In one test, they put mice in a box divided into a darkened area on one side and a light area on the other side.

put into 放进

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They had asked Hong Kong for permission to put into port there.

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他们请求香港允许他们在那里入港停留z%LN@eEY0a~

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The difference between successful and unsuccessful people is that successful people put into practice the things they learn

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成功者与失败者的区别在于成功者能够学以致用kdlU|.v8LdnTzA)HfC1

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6.It affects how your body uses blood sugar.

blood sugar 血糖

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Hunger is the body's signal that levels of blood sugar are too low.

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饥饿感是身体发出的信号,表示血糖水平太低UVZaOf0VAmi&2

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If you skip breakfast, your blood sugar level will drop and you will probably feel light-headed.

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如果不吃早餐,血糖含量就会降低,你很可能会觉得晕眩i7cY;y^xXU0a,%Ga

参考译文

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研究表明:细菌可能会导致紧张和沮丧

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一项针对老鼠的新研究表明,细菌可能会让超重人群焦虑和抑郁[][IfHWW3XJrPjpM]

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该研究提出了这样的问题——改变体内的微生物或改变饮食是否有助于治疗(紧张或抑郁)等疾病,Vra[9&Hi2R

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2017年的一项研究发现,全球三分之一的人口超重或被认为肥胖wUBk6bFTQ;

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当人体超重时,会改变身体将食物转化为能量、增加组织以及排泄体内废物的流程r83O[RxoSEIlH%8teAgV。如果不加以治疗,这些变化可能会导致糖尿病FWQh7lf|CJ%

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糖尿病是一种严重的疾病,会影响人体利用血糖的方式a#SSUWq_g=2#3vy[Nj.=。肥胖者也比正常人更容易产生焦虑和抑郁m-H+b~6veKA8P

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罗纳德·卡恩(Ronald Kahn)在马萨诸塞州的哈佛医学院研究糖尿病8cP+jd-%I4。他说,研究人员猜想,人们是否会因为身体肥胖或新陈代谢患上抑郁症5WWy.oB2Yi!KaCiNm

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细菌可能会导致紧张和沮丧.jpg

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卡恩说:“我们提出了这样一个问题‘也许代谢环节至少部分受到了微生物菌群的影响’J5oCxn|rR5n。”

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微生物菌群是指肠胃中的细菌、真菌及其它微生物群1(k5]IH]5Kv。它会随着你的饮食发生变化-&RyCM&CkbN(E&ga。卡恩说,这些变化可能会影响到身体和精神uCR~N*IE-]

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为了验证这一理论,他与自己的研究团队喂老鼠吃高脂肪食物,研究老鼠增肥时的行为,M8q(!5;m;8m

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在一次试验中,他们把老鼠放进一半明亮、一半黑暗的盒子内Dua7Cq))D%。他们发现,越紧张、焦虑的老鼠越喜欢呆在黑暗区域~~P9|AYH~&

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卡恩说到:“高脂饮食的老鼠比正常饮食的老鼠呆在黑暗区域的时间更久fh!C_AK~M1gE_Hy]7(Gc。因此,它们出现焦虑的迹象更多cgm|[Ca^J.4。”

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当给老鼠服用抗生素药物后,它们的焦虑感消失了ZWD*zlD@p|iN^=

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研究人员表示,这表明细菌会使老鼠感到紧张I)dYkV%uM7=K+g

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随后,研究人员猜想,将同样的细菌植入到在无菌环境中培养本身并无微生物的动物身上,能否产生同样的效果mpy41dt=!Dp=myOplr+

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他们发现确实如此kX[Fy!Cp-welEYqW。肥胖小鼠体内的微生物会让无菌老鼠感到焦虑1.L9NH)Wsj(X%d。而注射过抗生素的肥胖小鼠的微生物却不会(让无菌老鼠感到焦虑)YO~j%KaJFRN,BPVh

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卡恩表示:“这一发现十分惊人r~9%rQ14bP+3P|oU。尽管我们在身体的其它部位看到了一些细菌对新陈代谢的影响,但令我吃惊的是,它对大脑和行为的影响也如此地显著和清晰a,*opg1%p+%n|LE(ZG。”

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这项研究的报告发表在《分子精神病学》杂志上dz0esz[mV!N

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然而,卡恩指出,新研究并不意味着抗生素可以治疗抑郁症Yu~YMyoH%X|akTs(8V(q。抗生素会同时杀死有益和有害的微生物+Gxm+dCil%(|JPNr1xM。而且,滥用药物会导致这些强效药的药效降低|3)vLQQo1fsvi6

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他指出,还有一个问题要注意,老鼠的实验效果不一定适用于人类,或者只适用于某些人群43gITi~6OzQDW!

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格雷戈里·西蒙(Gregory Simon)是凯萨医疗机构华盛顿健康研究所的精神健康专家81!7y#G4jKWNjbP0A。他说,影响人类的因素很多,不仅仅是微生物,这一点也要谨记在心tBq*N*UQt_mfOUv

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西蒙说:“关键在于,抑郁症和肥胖症的成因十分复杂,他们受到很多种因素的影响N05_JWAXJg*VMN]wbBI~。”

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他说,基因、环境、社会影响以及自身的微生物都会对塑造一个人和其行为产生影响;h!vK*EITeoGb;w

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译文为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

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重点单词
  • reservedadj. 保留的,预订的,冷淡的,缄默的
  • effectiveadj. 有效的,有影响的
  • signaln. 信号,标志 v. (发信号)通知、表示 adj.
  • socialadj. 社会的,社交的 n. 社交聚会
  • diabetesn. 糖尿病
  • obesityn. 肥胖,肥大
  • complicatedadj. 复杂的,难懂的 动词complicate的过去
  • permissionn. 同意,许可,允许
  • antibioticadj. 抗菌的 n. 抗生素
  • affectvt. 影响,作用,感动