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New Blood Test Finds Deadly Skin Cancer
From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.
Scientists in Australia say they have developed the world's first blood test to find a deadly skin cancer in its early stages. They say the test could save thousands of lives each year.
Currently, to check for all kinds of skin cancers, doctors examine or remove a small piece of patients' skin. But researchers say the new blood test can detect one of the deadliest kinds of skin cancer, melanoma, sooner than other methods.
In a trial involving about 200 people, the blood test found early stages of melanoma in more than 80 percent of cases.
Professor Mel Ziman is the leader of the Melanoma Research Group at Edith Cowan University in Perth, Western Australia. Her group conducted this trial.
"If a thin melanoma is identified early and it's removed, you have a 98 to 99 percent chance of five to ten years survival."
Researchers explain that the sooner doctors find melanoma, the better. They say that if a thin melanoma is identified early and removed, patients have a 98 to 99 percent chance of surviving for the next five to ten years.
However, survival rates from melanoma drop sharply if the skin cancer is in later stages and has spread to other organs.

What is melanoma?
The World Health Organization says about 132,000 people are diagnosed with melanoma every year. Australia and New Zealand have the highest rates.
The website for the Melanoma Institute Australia says that in 2014, more than 1,400 Australians died from melanoma. And in 2017, that number rose to more than 1,800.
How do we get melanoma?
We get melanoma mainly by exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Patients often have had a lot of exposure to the sun and a history of sunburn.
On its website, the WHO says decreasing ozone levels is making the problem worse. The site adds that "as the atmosphere loses more and more of its protective filter ... and more solar UV radiation reaches the Earth's surface, more people will get skin cancer."
How does the blood test work?
The new blood test works by detecting something called auto-antibodies. The website for the National Cancer Institute in the United States defines auto-antibody as an antibody made against substances formed by a person's own body. The body naturally forms auto-antibodies when cancerous cells start to appear.
In a statement to the press, Ziman explains that with melanoma, the human body makes these auto-antibodies very early. She says the new blood test takes advantage of that fact. However, she warns, "melanoma is very hard to diagnose."
Researchers are planning more tests for the Australian blood test. They say they hope to improve its accuracy to 90 percent. The blood test could be available within five years.
Researchers have said the test will not detect other types of skin cancers. It will only find melanoma.
Other health experts say the results of the trial should be considered with care. They urge people to keep checking their skin for early signs of skin cancer.
Ziman says she hopes the new blood test will lead to more people checking their skin. She says that if the new blood test is available at a person's yearly check-up, patients might get skin examinations more often. And more examinations might lead to more early detections of melanoma.
"So that's what we are hoping to achieve is that people will feel more comfortable going for skin checks. So, it will just up the number of people that are aware and able to get their melanoma identified earlier."
And that's the Health & Lifestyle report. I'm Anna Matteo.

重点解析

重点讲解：
1. all kinds of 各种类型的；五花八门的；
All kinds of remarkable things began to happen.
开始发生各种不寻常的事K&ZPt)obX-i@YI[#fv!@。
2. be diagnosed with 诊断；确诊；
He was diagnosed with inoperable lung cancer.
他被诊断患了无法手术的肺癌eZR-=vglcXs&TK。
3. die from 死于；
This is because millions of children die from diseases that can be prevented through vaccines.
因为，数百万儿童死于可以通过疫苗预防的疾病]dvu@%86Pi&。
4. take advantage of 利用；
We can take advantage of new technology more quickly by farming out computer operations.
把计算机业务分包出去，我们就可以更快地利用新技术)6*hazU,XR*Loi5A;。

参考译文

新型血液检测可查出致命皮肤癌
这里是VOA慢速英语健康生活报道oPqu!p^N_J#FT_~Xgg2o。
澳大利亚科学家表示，他们已研发出世界上首个诊断早期致命皮肤癌的血液检测法xy5,Nrt4eC。他们表示，这种检测方法每年可以挽救数千条生命3aXJRW~U~lwg。
目前，医生要检查或切除患者的一小块皮肤才能对各种皮肤癌进行检测nFTb3LRxcOQP。但是研究人员表示，这种新型血液检测法可以比其他方法更早查出其中一种最致命的皮肤癌——黑色素瘤xTDsaOra|w。
在一项约200人参加的试验中，这种血液检测法查出了80%以上患者的早期黑色素瘤l(OjPs#hP3vH。
梅尔·齐曼教授是位于西澳大利亚杜珀斯的埃迪斯科文大学黑色素瘤研究小组的负责人6.Mrd2c1s1iV1。她的研究小组进行了这项试验sDQhOHN7CH。
“如果一个细小的黑色素瘤在早期被诊断出并切除，那患者在5至10年内的存活率为98%至99%xLNIB!jFEm.k,。”
研究人员解释说，医生越早发现黑色素瘤，治疗效果越好6X#b)CRXCh3f.^。他们说，如果一个细小的黑色素瘤在早期被诊断出并切除，那患者在5至10年内的存活率为98%至99%af[&g@IT!fU,j5oB|f-d。
但是，如果黑色素瘤已发展到晚期并扩散到其他器官，那患者的存活率就会大幅减少wb[S!(Ef6Kl。
什么是黑色素瘤？
世界卫生组织表示，每年全世界黑色素瘤的诊断人数约为13.2万例mjG.T#,17i-ov3。澳大利亚和新西兰是黑色素瘤发病率最高的国家PWa[bV+i[FJ+=2hd。
据澳大利亚黑色素瘤研究所官网提供的数据，2014年有超过1400名澳大利亚人死于黑色素瘤)BK]UtBBgC。2017年，黑色素瘤致死人数增加至1800余人mWzI;ylu0d3qOb7。
为什么会得黑色素瘤？
黑色素瘤主要是因接触紫外线辐射而触发#7v.nzuW[9Kr。黑色素瘤患者一般都曾长时间接触阳光并曾被晒伤过kLB4W#@1D4X73-3S。
世卫组织在官网上表示，不断减少的臭氧含量加剧了黑色素瘤的发病率|cbr2k-&Lv.c34Ks。世卫组织指出，“由于大气层正失去越来越多的保护滤层……导致抵达地球表面的太阳紫外线辐射越来越多，因此皮肤癌患者的数量也日益增加nD-T[mE;T3Cuorb。”
血液检测法的原理是什么？
新型血液检测法通过找出自身抗体来发现黑色素瘤(t^pJnvERl-S9(.。美国国家癌症研究官网对自身抗体的定义是：针对人体自身形成的物质的抗体6I*-I[zsP5IxmCH(r+AY。当癌细胞开始出现时，人体会自然形成自身抗体iZmjZDPkO9tKc^TRz。
齐曼在向新闻界发表的声明中解释说，患上黑色素瘤以后，人体会在很早就形成自身抗体iPjjtkB[]en47Va4]。她说，新型血液检测法正是利用了这一点LYvtD27irdpi88B。但是她同时警告说，“黑色素瘤极难诊断”Uz%TeXlN|suO]!。
研究人员计划对澳大利亚研发出的血液检测法进行更多测试I[FUzPAb97。他们说，他们希望将这种方法的准确度提高到90%GCG%SmK+Rb。该血液检测法可能在五年内应用;xID1-W,&t.。
研究人员表示，这种检测方法不能发现其他类型的皮肤癌KITZIv-BInX=Dlp6w4y。这种方法只能查出黑色素瘤,MJyJwzuJ1hP。
其他健康专家表示，试验结果应该被谨慎对待mx9&z0IT*E00zdw。他们敦促人们时常检查皮肤，留意皮肤癌的早期症状Az+E#*vAPsKRbi。
齐曼表示，她希望新型血液检测法能促使越来越多的人去检查皮肤.BbznUTCtYznbdf。她说，如果新型血液检测法能在每年例行体检中应用，那患者可能会更频繁地接受皮肤检查NJjtS^o,4^gNkMUVv|。更多检查也许可以更早地检测出黑色素瘤5kqrsv!tmwgtKlx。
“这就是我们希望实现的目标，即人们在进行皮肤检查时能感觉更舒适54kz[Px[6]。这样一来，察觉并能及早发现黑色素瘤的患者数量就会增加_H7_r!DpAv。”
以上是本期健康生活报道的全部内容4jy06q1Zmp9NzA@。由安娜·马特奥为您播报az5H([rt!L,cw。

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