VOA慢速英语(翻译+字幕+讲解):DNA技术帮助农民确定农作物疾病
日期:2019-01-15 16:02

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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DNA Technology Helps Famers Identify Crop Diseases
It is often difficult for farmers to identify diseases quickly enough to protect their crops and those on neighboring farms. Now, some farmers are using a simple device directly in the field to find viruses before they spread.
In Tanzania, several viruses are a threat to cassava crops. Farmers struggle to identify the diseases in an urgent effort to avoid severe crop damage.
The disease identification process is often difficult when farmers are acting on their own. If they do not know what is attacking their crops, they cannot decide the best way to fight the disease.
A device from British technology company Oxford Nanopore is changing that. The device extracts deoxyribonucleic acid, better known as DNA, from plants. DNA is the carrier of genetic information in nearly all living things.
The device helps farmers identify what is harming their crops so they can change to more resistant crops.

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Laura Boykin is with the University of Western Australia and also works with the Cassava Virus Action Project. She brought the device to a Tanzanian farm owned by Asha Mohamed.
"We are here collecting leaf punches from infected material to test. To do a DNA extraction and then start sequencing in the field."
The testing identified a number of viruses in the cassava fields near Mohamed's farm. The process also discovered that plants considered resistant to disease had a very low viral level.
"So what would have normally taken six months to a year, has just happened in a couple of hours. And that's possible because of amazing technology that exists, that is able to give farmers results real-time."
Once the viruses were identified, Asha Mohamed was given two kinds of seeds that are resistant to the diseases.
In another case, DNA was collected from a pawpaw tree farm in Kenya. With that test, the technology was able to identify diseases affecting Naomi Mumo's crops.
"All my pawpaw were affected by a disease, and I didn't know what kind of disease it was. But now, I have people who have identified the disease using new technology, and within a very short time. So I'm very happy."
Laura Boykin says she and other researchers returned to Mohamed's cassava farm nine months later. She said the new plants were very healthy and had produced a large, successful crop.
"After nine months of her growing the improved varieties, we are back here, and today we harvested her cassava plants and she went from zero yield to 35 tons per hectare, which is massive."
The speed at which farmers identify diseases can mean the difference between the success or failure on large areas of crop land. Now, the use of such simple and easily transportable DNA sequencing devices is making that possible.
I'm Bryan Lynn.

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重点解析

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重点讲解:
1. struggle to do sth. 奋力;努力;尽力;
Despite their earnest efforts, they still struggle to win support.
尽管已尽心竭力,他们仍然无法赢得支持|5nz,mhG9WZO~YbFDJ
2. on one's own 独立地;依靠自己地;
He did it on his own.
这件事他独立完成了QWd=q8lkDHQ
3. a number of 若干;许多;
It is thought that this virus is implicated in the development of a number of illnesses.
这种病毒被认为与数种疾病的发生密切相关Y,C7Hnq*0a98mqQ[u
4. be resistant to 有抵抗力的;不受…损害的;
Cotton is more resistant to being squashed and polyester is more resilient.
棉布更抗压,而涤纶更有弹性AtRq8DN+#J|F!kv

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参考译文

DNA技术帮助农民确定农作物疾病
对农民来说,尽快确定疾病以保护他们种植的农作物和临近农场里的农作物往往是很困难的事情~8y[BvNYcsxXpF,=E。现在,一些农民直接在农田里使用一种简单的设备来发现病毒,阻止病毒传播i6jQh8l0KC)
在坦桑尼亚,多种病毒威胁着木薯作物UvNMJUdM_tYaE。农民很难尽快确定疾病以避免作物遭受严重损害MYB]6Ia)3tSsZ]NWhb
当农民自已行动时,疾病确认过程通常很艰难U4O3S&H9,f#TkjK3%-L。如果他们不知道是什么攻击了作物,那他们就无法决定对抗疾病的最佳方法V&#O_~T5O2Ba]K1N!!
英国科技公司牛津纳米孔公司生产的一个设备改变了这种情况BadEZ7_m0Wm+pI_。该设备从植物中提取脱氧核糖核酸,即我们更为熟知的DNA]Mf,IIvb7%5vT5g。DNA是几乎所有生物基因信息的载体s*#ecbdzncS9
这一设备帮助农民确定是什么伤害了他们的作物,这样他们就能改种抵抗力更强的作物Ax9DUrbr]rxqY!
劳拉·博伊金来自西澳大利亚大学,她同时也是“木薯病毒行动计划”的合作者rHiFsXMH1sC。她将该设备带去了坦桑尼亚人亚沙·穆罕默德的农场ki8wEAxZF5-lvb@YSHz
“为了进行测试,我们来这里收集受感染材料的叶片组织nm[Id(B77ThX[H。我们要提取DNA,然后开始在农田里进行测序(NR[Xm58ilYK_5Mbg-x8。”
这一检测在穆罕默德农场附近的木薯地里发现了多种病毒S]Y7!9Swjk4sCfXPhN。检测还发现,被认为具有抗病性的植物病毒性水平非常低Wify-N%uin6U1
“通常需要6个月至1年的检测,在几个小时内就可以完成1bMdR1KE3LDAfVr-bPc。由于惊人技术的发明,这才可能实现,而且还能为农民提供实时结果3;eLR526xyg.。”
病毒确定后,亚沙·穆罕默德会得到两种可以抵抗这类疾病的种子^B1usg,9eTI(H3gPm@U
在另一个案例中,人们从肯尼亚的一个木瓜树农场提取了DNA!ix8E(NR-Ur#poTtTKi。这种技术能确定影响内奥米·木默所种植作物的疾病*aBx%b-L4O;h
“我种植的所有木瓜都遭受了一种疾病的袭击,可是我不知道那是什么疾病;SPz*_1@5xEKG。但是现在,他们用新技术在很短的时间内就帮我确定了这种疾病W_e)Q2%F74wf。我非常开心6B]@[M8p,&。”
劳拉·博伊金表示,她和其他研究人员在9个月后回到了穆罕默德的木薯农场ZAc*l-nsM*(ZdGBVd。她说,新种植的植物非常健康,结出了又大又好的作物%hG_*,g#HMWUCbela
“在她种植改良品种9个月之后,我们回到了这里,今天我们收获了她种植的木薯,她的产量从零增加到了每公顷35吨,这可真是大丰收=fMwdhU%cMOS|-S。”
农民确定疾病的速度关乎大面积农田的成功和失败dJezdhHf-DesNG。现在,使用这种简单又可轻松转移的DNA测序设备使之成为可能l]EcwQQ4fA[OX#
布莱恩·林恩报道HjLsJ8wiN9N

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译文为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

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