VOA慢速英语(翻译+字幕+讲解):科学家在北极雪中发现大量塑料颗粒
日期:2019-08-20 15:48

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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Scientists Find High Levels of Plastics in Arctic Snow
Scientists say they have found high levels of small plastic particles in Arctic snow. Their findings provide more evidence that plastic is entering Earth's atmosphere and traveling great distances around the planet.
A new report describing the discovery was published in Science Advances.
A German-Swiss research team collected snow samples from the Arctic and other areas. They included northern Germany, the Bavarian and Swiss Alps, and the North Sea island of Heligoland.
When the researchers examined the samples in a laboratory, they were surprised to find very high levels of microplastics.
Microplastics are very small pieces of plastic. These plastic particles are generally smaller than 5 millimeters in length. Other studies have found microplastics in the environment. They come from the disposal and breakdown of man-made plastic products and industrial waste.
Melanie Bergmann co-wrote the report on the new study. She told The Associated Press that while her team did expect to find some microplastics in the samples, they were surprised by the very large amounts.
Bergmann is a researcher at the Alfred-Wegener-Institute in the German city of Bremerhaven.
The study found the highest levels of microplastics came from the Bavarian Alps. One snow sample from the area had 154,000 microplastic particles per liter. Samples collected from the Arctic had much lower levels. However, even samples from the Arctic contained up to 14,000 particles per liter, the study found.
Earlier studies found signs of plastic in Arctic areas. Those microplastics were found in coastal areas, sea ice, the seafloor and the seawater's surface.
The new study attempted to explore how some of the material could have been carried in the atmosphere. A limited number of earlier studies did find microplastics in the air of some cities, including Paris, Tehran and Dongguan, China.
Bergmann said in a statement she believes the new study clearly shows that "the majority of the microplastic in the snow comes from the air." She said this idea is supported by research that studied the atmospheric movement of pollen from plants. In those studies, scientists confirmed pollen had traveled great distances to reach the Arctic.

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北极雪中惊现大量微塑料颗粒.jpg
Other studies found that dust particles — which are similar to microplastics — traveled more than 3,500 kilometers from the Sahara Desert to the northeast Atlantic.
Bergmann said the new study suggests that much of the microplastic found in Europe and the Arctic comes from the atmosphere and snow. "This additional transport route could also explain the high amounts of microplastic that we've found in the Arctic sea ice and the deep sea in previous studies," she said.
The research team discovered many kinds of microplastics. Some were from paints commonly used to coat the surface of automobiles and ships. A rubber-like substance was also found that could have come from vehicle or boat parts or packaging materials, the report said.
While there is growing concern about the effect of microplastics on the environment, scientists are still studying their possible harmful effects on humans and animals.
Bergmann said she hopes the new study will lead to more research on this issue. She also said she believes that microscopic plastic particles should be included in worldwide observations of air pollution levels.
"We really need to know what effects microplastics have on humans, especially if inhaled with the air that we breathe," Bergmann said.
I'm Bryan Lynn.

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重点解析

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重点讲解:
1. up to 高达;多达;
Up to twenty thousand students paid between five and six thousand dollars.
多达20,000名学生支付了5,000到6,000美元O&jywuXrN%Tt!Q#v;h
2. attempt to do sth. 尝试,试图(尤指做困难的事);
Do not attempt to repair this yourself.
不要试图自己修理这个东西FMLB|F,)ZLQGoH87bj
3. be similar to 相像的;相仿的;类似的;
My teaching style is similar to that of most other teachers.
我的教学风格和多数教师相似)|GVs.n8%4wd+i#H
4. be included in 把…列为…的一部分;把…算入;
I had worked hard to be included in a project like this.
为参与这样的项目,我过去一直努力工作MDzO%(Tb4|qKj1X[*8a

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参考译文

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科学家在北极雪中发现大量塑料颗粒
科学家表示,他们在北极雪中发现了大量微塑料颗粒pax!k,i_&7bJ71(zO_。他们的发现提供了更多证据,能证明塑料已进入地球大气层并在地球传播了相当远的距离=@#.HCX6pJ;xiA
介绍这项发现的报告发表在《科学进展》期刊上l-It~_7w!#g
一个由德国和瑞士科学家组成的研究小组在北极及其他地区采集了雪样=I%34j&xuCOo8_bjN*K9。采样地区包括德国北部、巴伐利亚阿尔卑斯山脉和瑞士阿尔卑斯山脉以及北海的黑尔戈兰岛S.K+YZO6[pLb@8Am
当研究人员在实验室分析这些样本时,他们惊讶地发现其中微塑料的含量非常高2GDFCJMHerKm(UQ
微塑料是非常小的塑料碎片g5P[TF,llKWTcm|。这些塑料颗粒的直径通常小于5毫米XlbC[gQk%c-)J。其他研究已经在环境中发现了微塑料+ipQLBY!UIz;TxX。这些微塑料在人造塑料产品和工业废料经过处理和分解后产生iI&g-#X]LjU|aO_-
梅兰妮·伯格曼共同撰写了这项新研究的报告P;Oll@;WG~m*。她对美联社表示,虽然她的团队预料到会在样本中发现微塑料,但他们还是对如此高的含量感到惊讶NiH6@olP_d5(2zsegB
伯格曼是德国不来梅哈芬市阿尔弗雷德韦格纳研究所的研究员YvO|Y~N%0Uv#mKaL.
这项研究发现,巴伐利亚阿尔卑斯山脉的微塑料含量最高_mWsB;PESK*YtGY。采集自该地区的一份雪样每升含有15.4万个微塑料颗粒WW,O73xhK_5C2。北极地区雪样的微塑料含量要低得多LM#_D3aHgudJO]。然而,研究发现,即使是采自北极地区的雪样每升也含有多达1.4万个微塑料颗粒F|-vsZpUWR*Ir]dIij|
早期研究在北极地区发现了塑料的痕迹]4|yfyB^&83。那些微塑料发现于沿海地区、海冰、海底和海面G[9FEB[RDlQw1lImQHhJ
这项新研究试图探究一些物质是如何被带进大气的9aGXj4|ZJL*ZdbtGeu。为数不多的早期研究的确在巴黎、德黑兰和中国东莞等城市的空气中发现了微塑料j!dSPkHSFe
伯格曼在声明中表示,她认为这项新研究明确表明,“雪中的大部分微塑料来自空气”,V8PDe#;mx=|qV。她说,这个想法得到了植物花粉大气运动研究的支持)QPO*1b]HkWP90+5。在这些研究中,科学家证实花粉经长距离传播后抵达了北极&(3In*xP]T*R
其他研究发现,与微塑料类似的尘粒从撒哈拉沙漠传播了超过3500英里,最后到达大西洋东北部地区a0VB~extSHwD
伯格曼表示,这项新研究表明,欧洲和北极发现的大部分微塑料都来自大气和雪^j[pgY+7R,^sE-t。她说:“这条额外的输送路线也可以解释早前研究在北极海冰和深海发现大量微塑料的原因Hds7*HoR[h|J。”
这一研究小组发现了许多种微塑料+8a]|es#Uz;p0)JSo。其中一些微塑料来自通常用来喷涂汽车和轮船表面的涂料G)3m[7^7^zxK^F%h。该报告表示,他们还发现了一种类似橡胶的物质,这一物质可能来自车辆或船只零件,又或者是包装材料Mo6.fk1=30aQU
虽然人们越来越关注微塑料对环境造成的影响,但科学家仍在研究微塑料可能对人类和动物造成的有害影响+!B^LbgI0Leh^!vov
伯格曼表示,她希望这项新研究能引发针对这一问题的更多研究ouLG[fQfDhg4DR02DbV。她还表示,她认为应该将微塑料颗粒纳入全球空气污染水平监测中^gb1a*n.@dK|5nNAI~
伯格曼表示:“我们真的需要知道微塑料会对人类造成哪些影响,尤其是我们通过呼吸空气将微塑料吸入身体后U2RNE0fp2&N2)S&m=-。”
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译文为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

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重点单词
  • explorev. 探险,探测,探究
  • majorityn. 多数,大多数,多数党,多数派 n. 法定年龄
  • additionaladj. 附加的,另外的
  • previousadj. 在 ... 之前,先,前,以前的
  • evidencen. 根据,证据 v. 证实,证明
  • limitedadj. 有限的,被限制的 动词limit的过去式和过去
  • confirmedadj. 习惯的,积习的,确认过的,证实的 动词conf
  • movementn. 活动,运动,移动,[音]乐章
  • samplen. 样品,样本 vt. 采样,取样 adj. 样
  • substancen. 物质,实质,内容,重要性,财产