VOA慢速英语(翻译+字幕+讲解):研究称致恐龙灭绝的小行星以"最致命"角度撞击地球
日期:2020-06-18 15:36

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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Study: Dinosaur Killing Asteroid Hit Earth at "Deadliest Possible" Angle
A new study suggests the asteroid that killed almost all the dinosaurs struck Earth at the "deadliest possible" angle.
Scientists believe the asteroid hit Earth about 66 million years ago near what is today Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula. The force of the massive crash is estimated to have been equal to the strength of about 10 billion nuclear bombs.
The climate-changing event is blamed for causing the disappearance of more than 70 percent of plant and animal life. All dinosaurs that were not bird-like died out.
What has remained a mystery for scientists, however, is whether the asteroid strike was a direct hit. The new study provides evidence that the strike resulted in the worst kind of crash for the dinosaurs.
Researchers examined data on the structure of the 200-kilometer-wide crater in Mexico where scientists believe the asteroid hit. They attempted to recreate the asteroid event on computers.
The results, recently published in Nature Communications, showed that the asteroid struck Earth at an angle of about 60 degrees.
As a result of the angle, an especially large amount of climate-changing gases would have been released quickly into the atmosphere.
The lead researcher was Gareth Collins, of Britain's Imperial College London.

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导致恐龙灭绝的小行星以“最致命”的角度撞击了地球.jpg
"For the dinosaurs, the worst-case scenario is exactly what happened," he said in a statement. He added that the release of gases into the atmosphere started a series of events that led to the permanent disappearance of the dinosaurs.
The release "was likely worsened by the fact that it struck at one of the deadliest possible angles," Collins said. If the asteroid had hit head-on or at lower angles, less material would have been released into the atmosphere, he added.
Scientists believe the massive release of gases and chemicals into the atmosphere led to a period of extreme cold, also known as a "nuclear winter." This was caused by large amounts of sulphur particles that stayed in the air, blocking heat from the sun. The asteroid strike is also believed to have caused widespread wildfires, earthquakes and ocean waves, or tsunamis.
The researchers said their models are the first to reproduce the whole event — from the first hit to the moment when the final crater was formed.
The findings seem to disprove a long-standing theory that the asteroid moved toward Earth from the southeast. The scientists said recreations based on the crater's structure showed the asteroid coming from the southwest.
The study could lead to a greater understanding about how craters are formed in general. The modeling suggested, for example, that rocks "rebound" to fill in beneath the crater during its final formation. The researchers said the findings suggest that large craters can be formed in a matter or minutes.
Scientists continue to question how some living things were able to survive the asteroid event. Gareth Collins said the new study clearly suggests the strike resulted in "a very bad day for the dinosaurs." He added: "It makes it even more remarkable that life survived and recovered as rapidly as it did."
I'm Bryan Lynn.

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重点解析

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重点讲解:
1. be equal to 同样的;相等的;
One unit of alcohol is equal to half a pint of beer.
一单位酒精等于半品脱啤酒iv)tUF;g^Ls1Q]
2. die out 逐渐消亡;灭绝;绝种;
How did the dinosaurs die out?
恐龙是如何灭绝的?
3. result in 导致;引起;造成;
Competition can be healthy, but if it is pushed too far it can result in bullying.
竞争可以是良性的,但如果太过火,就可能造成以强凌弱-J3tSit^(a[4lF
4. fill in 填塞,填平(缝隙或孔洞);
If any cracks have appeared in the tart case, fill these in with raw pastry.
如果饼皮开裂,就用生的油酥面团填平TYeJ8(565[Rx[noni*

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参考译文

研究称致恐龙灭绝的小行星以"最致命"角度撞击地球
一项新研究表明,导致几乎所有恐龙灭亡的小行星以“最致命”角度撞击了地球MGI|sx7iArYj2
科学家认为,这颗小行星在大约6600万年前撞击了地球,撞击地点位于现在的墨西哥尤卡坦半岛附近xLJmPPrFmYwK3T@。据估计,这次大规模撞击的威力相当于约100亿颗核弹的破坏力.vwHrY=y;vZVP!d3sXo
这起气候变化事件导致超过70%的植物和动物消失tPEPt]fwK,mKtT9Vy40w。并致所有非鸟类恐龙灭绝)85Ql7..v;s2C,
然而,对科学家来说仍是谜团的问题是:这起小行星撞击是否是直接撞击?这项新研究提供了证据,证明这起撞击造成了对恐龙来说最严重的事故te@-c6FGYNidRr
研究人员分析了墨西哥境内一个200公里宽的陨石坑的结构数据,科学家认为那里是小行星撞击的地点7hRb(_h*_N^kPoi1。他们试图在计算机上重现小行星撞击事件w#LJ(77NUo~sQqy*;
近期发表在《自然·通讯》期刊上的研究结果显示,这颗小行星以约60度的角度撞击地球V)!J!vu31Sl2qR%_
由于这个角度,特别大量的气候变化气体会迅速释放到大气中S,nlTL32isA6
这项研究的首席研究员是英国伦敦帝国学院的加雷斯·柯林斯1~f@p;dU1etlf
他在一份声明中表示,“对恐龙来说,所发生的事情就是最坏的情况+1LaTKy=k1;liqWnQ。”他补充表示,气体释放到大气中引发了一系列事件,导致恐龙永久消失5&Et#R5%&x638,3S0
柯林斯表示,这次释放“可能因小行星以最致命角度撞击地球而恶化”jHRDHPZZ=B3Md7ySA。他补充说,如果这颗小行星正面或以较低角度撞击地球,释放到大气中的物质就会减少qE3c_8e.7hSf
科学家认为,大量气体和化学物质释放到大气中导致了一段极冷的时期,这也被称为“核冬天”_WKvkga.cL3YZ0cxJuX5。这是因为大量硫粒子留在空气中,从而阻挡了太阳的热量);E5;KlP~eICZ+。据悉,小行星撞击还引发了大规模野火、地震、海浪或海啸|5W9QY&v*.@xuGB~w
研究人员表示,他们的模型是首个重现整个事件的模型,即从初始撞击到形成最终的陨石坑lAw^V3M[K6QE!M
研究结果似乎驳斥了一个长期存在的理论,即这颗小行星是从东南方向朝地球移动的EVeiIK7HtD])=Sl。科学家表示,根据陨石坑结构进行的重现显示,小行星来自西南方向+W!Zy#rouw=(eI
这项研究将有助于更深刻地了解陨石坑的形成方式TjL_!b,oECgty(。例如,该模型表明,在陨石坑最终形成过程中,岩石会“反弹”以填充在陨石坑下面#@sLI~u[6Yn1NBI.。研究人员表示,研究结果表明,大型陨石坑可以在瞬间或几分钟内形成@K4JW3(gE6K
科学家仍对一些生命在小行星撞击事件中幸存下来的方式存有疑问-gXWIoloTbtyyu2[+12W。加雷斯·柯林斯表示,这项新研究明确表明,这次撞击造成了“对恐龙来说非常糟糕的一天”6lo8aELg6Fami*%G。他补充说:“更加引人注目的是,生命存活和恢复的速度和以前一样迅速0gkDOT(PJ!Q。”
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译文为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

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