VOA慢速英语(翻译+字幕+讲解):族群密集会让大猩猩变得狂暴
日期:2020-11-17 11:45

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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Study Suggests Gorillas Become More Violent in Crowded Forest
Gorillas are very social animals -- up to a point. Crowded areas can make silverbacks more violent, scientists say.
Silverbacks are adult male mountain gorillas that often have a white area across their backs. They are the leaders of gorilla families.
Mountain gorillas are genetically similar to humans. The large animals spend most of their time sleeping, eating, and cleaning each other. They are mostly peaceful creatures.
They live in parts of Uganda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Rwanda.
Researchers recently studied 50 years of data from Rwanda. They found that as the number of gorilla family groups increased, so too did the of violent fights between them. Most often, silverbacks led the fights.
Some gorillas died, especially infants, or babies. These deaths, in turn, slowed population growth.
Damien Caillaud of the University of California, Davis, was a co-writer of the new study, published in Science Advances.
"Males will fight to protect the females and infants in their group, and to acquire new females," he said.
The study found that the amount of fighting was not a result of the total number of individuals in an area. What was important was the number of family groups in an area.
Since the 1960s, mountain gorillas have been carefully studied and protected in central Africa. These animals almost died off in the 1970s. The population has since grown to just over 1,000 animals.
Rich Bergl is a primatologist at the North Carolina Zoo. Bergl was not involved in the study.
"Rarely do we think about how an animal's behavior and social structure can influence population size," Bergl said. He added, "But it turns out we should, especially for social animals like gorillas."
Tara Stoinski was a co-writer of the new paper. She is also president of the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund, a nonprofit group.
"Everyone wants to know how many gorillas can live inside the protected habitat area. It turns out the answer depends partly on how they organize themselves socially," she said.
While in Rwanda, Stoinski said she saw changes in gorilla behavior beginning about 2007. Around that time, three large family groups broke into many smaller family groups.
The gorilla population grew and families spread out in Volcanoes National Park.
There were about 10 family groups in the study area. The number of fights between them increased by three times. The number of infant deaths increased by five times. The population growth fell by half.
The large family groups likely broke apart after the deaths of important silverback leaders, said Stoinski.
"When these ‘elder statesman' gorillas got older and died, the younger males weren't able to keep the groups together," she said.
The study was based on data from about 400 gorillas in Rwanda between 1968 and 2017.
I'm John Russell.

重点解析

1.death n.死亡

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He told his boss a tale about his mother being at death's door.
他向老板谎称自己的母亲病危M|rVMV=X~4Dwm5n]

2.gorilla n. 大猩猩

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I was awed by the huge gorilla.
那只大猩猩使我惊惧E@Lci0dG+Fe67ZS38tO

3.social adj.社会的

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The guests came from all social backgrounds.
客人们来自各个社会阶层osJs^|O[jG~Ypr[HA5

4.leader n.领导

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The party wants her as leader.
这个政党希望由她做领袖tJhzP;8R5A

5.It turns out the answer depends partly on how they organize themselves socially," she said.

turns out 证明

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She'll put the blame on us if it turns out badly.
如果这件事结果不好,她会怪我们的*ZOw9AsWqMj8r
It turns out I was probably asking the wrong question.
事实上,我可能问了一个错误的问题yh6)m0j^rSBp~0u

6.These animals almost died off in the 1970s.

die off 相继死亡

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When birds began to die off, People began to criticize the use of chemical pesticides.
当鸟类开始相继死去时,人们就开始对使用化学杀虫剂提出批评vh|1O5B;!@J1
Maybe some day we'll just die off.
也许有一天我们就会死去[Jo9PduYwg76Sv^!~3d

参考译文

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族群密集会让大猩猩变得狂暴
某种程度上讲,大猩猩是喜欢群居的动物.dL5PI&x9*n.wL82YCZb。但科学家们表示,拥挤的环境或导致银背大猩猩变得更加狂暴&hri39,6m=6AH067|
银背大猩猩是指通常背部有白毛的成年雄性山地大猩猩e#Zdfrlg6Y|hx#y。他们通常是大猩猩家族的领袖2B*.H0=MJCWOIS8XB*
山地大猩猩的基因与人类相似Red*k]%CoN[4Os[O).J。这些大型动物大部分时间都在睡觉、吃饭和互相帮助同类清洁毛发J2eeK&loo0g=ot#。它们大多是性情平和的动物kO1Jh]M&jCA0C.K
它们生活在乌干达、刚果民主共和国和卢旺达的部分地区2YfMLB[)K8
研究人员最近研究了卢旺达50年来的数据(AOxVjykAq&nJoYT!Yj。他们发现,随着大猩猩家族数量的增加,它们之间的暴力冲突也在增加Z,,sKAjz2ql)~[nB0V。银背大猩猩带头互斗十分常见J2I*L*LkOpEx6Dwx4
打斗过程会造成部分大猩猩死亡,特别是幼崽QD*;YXXO2fXW]nYzbqm。这些死亡反过来又减缓了大猩猩数量的增长L]37o8JVFNHc7v0^0
加州大学戴维斯分校的达米安·凯劳德是这项新研究的合著者,该研究发表于《科学进展》Aa3d*-BMtM_QpEHrK&z
他表示:“雄性会为了保护雌性和幼崽而战斗,与此同时获得新的雌性H=Y68%AhQK5。”

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族群密集会让大猩猩变得狂暴.jpeg
研究发现,打斗次数与当地大猩猩的总数量无关,更重要的是一个地区族群的数量U8kI2Wavp4
自20世纪60年代以来,非洲中部地区对山地大猩猩进行了细致的研究和保护OHI|9uvi]r。20世纪70年代这些动物差点灭绝|y!xPy;UES@Zg#Bre~ug。此后它们的数量增长至1000多只]Yr.0Xi15f;D;v
里奇·伯格(Rich Bergl)是北卡罗来纳动物园的灵长类动物学家vt#[2MQiv8J。伯格没有参与这项研究(-~j^FL^Oo5PtjM&
“我们很少会想到动物的行为和社会结构如何影响种群的数量,”伯格说道;=NqZEsraLXh。他补充说,“但事实证明我们应该考虑这一点,尤其是对于大猩猩这类群居动物o665p]K[Xef。”
塔拉·斯托因斯基(Tara Stoinski)是这篇新论文的合著者#I2wviuq^V7q4yAPcR。她还是非营利组织迪福斯大猩猩基金的主席AX&F4Y6-Bj0i4Rjz4C
她表示:“每个人都想知道保护区内能生活多少只大猩猩uoEAOI)5e2W=CA!;EG。事实证明,在一定程度上这取决于它们如何组织自己的社会活动y;nHgqfA~i。”
斯托因斯基表示,她在卢旺达观察到,大猩猩的行为在2007年左右开始发生变化KMh64^N_[@-NXw5FuI2x。大约在那个时候,三个大家庭分裂成了许多小家庭,UEf1UP!_IrFZwIL1BB@
大猩猩的数量增加,各个家庭分散在火山国家公园里6F@a2cS3JQ2jag
在研究区域内大约有10个家族%^2Xtsi0Y!UY。它们之间打斗次数增加了三倍cHNi4ws5I278。婴儿死亡数量增加了五倍9q!oLMaMqE-INTpoy。种群数量的增长率下降了一半A=cS,I23730dThE
斯托因斯基表示,在主要领袖银背大猩猩死亡后,这些大家族可能会“树倒猢狲散”G65QSubM+Zmi4U!
她说:“这些‘年长的领导者’大猩猩年迈、死亡后,年轻的雄性大猩猩无法维持群体之间的团结Q+cOBdRHg~V);gr。”
这项研究基于1968年至2017年间卢旺达大约400只大猩猩的数据lva-ZlGS2#]5DSI
约翰·罗塞尔为您播报MVY4)vL6bn-

译文为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

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