北半球多国迎来极端热浪
日期:2021-08-04 10:11

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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Many places in the northern half of the world are currently facing record-breaking heat.

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北半球的许多地方目前正遭受破纪录的高温acmLAb0Bbz717;V,G-s

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Several countries in the Middle East, including Iran, Kuwait, Oman and the United Arab Emirates, recorded days over 50 degrees Celsius in recent months.

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最近几个月,包括伊朗、科威特、阿曼和阿拉伯联合酋长国在内的几个中东国家的气温都超过了50摄氏度xHou[L58_&=4.iOz

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Moscow and Helsinki, Finland also reported their hottest June temperatures on record.

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据报道,莫斯科和芬兰的赫尔辛基也出现了有记录以来最高的六月气温X]Fc;Fj=ghBaK

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Several weeks ago, there was a record-breaking heat wave in the Pacific Northwest of the United States and western Canada.

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几周前,美国西北太平洋地区和加拿大西部出现了破纪录的热浪I8u_;=;6(%

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Oregon and Washington state reported almost 200 heat-related deaths.

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俄勒冈州和华盛顿州报告了近200例与高温有关的死亡]%iGjMkb8x

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Jennifer Vanos is an assistant professor at Arizona State University.

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Jennifer Vanos是亚利桑那州立大学的助理教授MR5#(F-yLCG

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She said: "(Heat) is different than other extremes because...it's invisible."

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她表示:“(热浪)不同于其他极端天气,因为…… 它是无形的uE]sJ~cKR;#egvysC&A5。”

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She added that when "it's something people have never experienced before, then it becomes a lot more dangerous."

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她补充说,如果“这是人们从未经历过的事情,它就会变得异常危险E(r1@~MknIP!A;r。”

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A United Nations group on climate change says cities can be dangerous places during heat waves.

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联合国气候变化组织表示,出现热浪时,城市可能是危险之地a](8V4o7CQIo

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City buildings and streets can make temperatures rise.

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城市里的建筑和街道会让气温上升N!MC0Nk[gEd

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And with more than 50 percent of the world's population living in cities, experts fear that heat-related health problems will become more common.

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世界上有超过50%的人口居住在城市,专家担心与高温有关的健康问题会变得更加普遍a=e9nvifkq[nP|ZmF4

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Cities can be several degrees hotter than rural environments.

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城市的温度可能比农村高出几摄氏度0^;L=K^^~q.FA=

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This effect is known as the urban heat island.

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这种效应被称为城市热岛效应Ij6!yp9oMXlr1~vu[

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Hashem Akbari studies urban heat islands at Concordia University in Montreal.

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Hashem Akbari在蒙特利尔的康考迪亚大学研究城市热岛效应rBc_n,SN,e5-

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He said building materials in cities take in heat and hold it.

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他说,城市里的建筑材料会吸收并储存热量Md+uLjC)^gadg]JK!~_

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Asphalt, for example, is a petroleum-based mixture used in streets and on the tops of buildings.

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例如,沥青是一种以石油为原料的产出混合物,通常用在街道表面和建筑物顶部+%G]D0)Rd#F~

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Its dark surface reflects little light and absorbs heat.

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它黑色的表面几乎不反光,还会吸收热量zaISNyE#JS.AhKi,CB]n

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At the same time, buildings are often close together, which means there are fewer trees and plants.

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与此同时,建筑物之间通常间距较小,这意味着树木和植被较少@~8SylC-2ztc;2ZvFI=d

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Plants provide valuable cover from the sun.

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植被是重要的遮阳物体wv9OtL7k(43PbV5

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Plants also absorb water through their roots and use surrounding heat to evaporate the water from their leaves.

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植被还可以通过根部吸收水分,并利用周围的热量从叶子上蒸发水分d,yMrLKtr|()]3

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With fewer plants, this natural cooling effect is gone, Akbari said.

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Akbari表示,随着植被的减少,这种自然冷却效应也会随之消失nxG_~9,1;34NdY

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Energy demands

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能源需求

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To avoid the heat, people living in cities use electricity to power air cooling systems and fans.

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为了祛除高温,城市居民会用电力来驱动空气冷却系统和风扇K_Q.E;K6q]2f!+hfg

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On a very hot day, those technologies use a lot of electricity.

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在非常炎热的天气里,这些技术会消耗大量的电力W0v^8v@0zvme4*7T

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Sayanti Mukherjee is an assistant engineering professor at the University at Buffalo, New York.

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Sayanti Mukherjee是纽约布法罗大学的工程学助理教授LRwQ,oSd6Lvl@1;]v@,

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She said cities have "a higher population to serve, so the infrastructure is working at a higher capacity because of the demand."

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她说,城市有“更多的人口需要服务,这种需求要求基础设施有更强的工作能力L9g;vu1iBU53rBSpZr。”

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But sometimes the electricity system is unable to supply enough power to meet the demand.

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但有时电力系统无法提供足够的电力来满足居民需求%_(7V(4Mj&L2yTh

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If that happens, the system shuts down and the power shuts off.

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如果出现这种情况,电力系统就会崩溃,电源也会被切断6Mwn47r6y@YYI6

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Extreme weather events, however, are unusual.

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然而,极端天气事件并不常见s,7zT-Dmep*f

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That makes it difficult for city planners and engineers to prepare for conditions that might not happen very often.

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所以城市规划者和工程师很难为罕见的情况做好充分准备Hx0M.G)4Nh021(~I+;

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Materials in infrastructure

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基础设施的用料

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The materials used to make urban infrastructure also are affected by high heat.

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城市基础设施所用的材料也受到了高温的影响_4qL,#*c0Vr*jZ;^YEV

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Heat makes metal materials expand.

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热量会让金属材料膨胀8+]0+Z)CT&tL[Ud(E2

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Power lines, for example, are usually made with metal.

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例如,电线一般是用金属制成的NXtB|9z@&-

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Hot temperatures and high electricity demands cause the metal to expand and fall lower to the ground.

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高温和高电力需求导致金属膨胀并出现下坠O2wGaqm1@=&cHX&

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The falling lines can touch trees or people and can cause fires or injuries.

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坠下的电线可能触碰到树木或人,并引起火灾或造成伤害MrXN-A|wx5&f]~TG@

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Concrete and asphalt expand with heat too.

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混凝土和沥青也会因受热而膨胀3+wp+fk~r@

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Quick changes in temperature can create cracks in concrete and can cause buildings, streets or bridges to weaken.

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温度的快速变化会导致混凝土出现裂缝,并让建筑物、街道或桥梁的功能减弱eE6FhTASP*7UUlM

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Finding solutions

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寻找解决方案

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Researchers are looking for ways to help urban populations live through extreme heat.

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研究人员正在寻找帮助城市居民度过极端高温的方法=9j3bczA6OV&|E

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Vanos said cities should keep better records of heat-related deaths.

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Vanos表示,城市应该认真记录好与高温有关死亡案例b,vRg68)V==vP

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She said these kinds of deaths are often underreported.

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她说,这类死亡往往会被低估,7c7peiCNSIi

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Vanos added that city governments can help identify populations that are at risk and improve emergency services.

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Vanos补充说,市政府可以帮助鉴别处于危险中的人群,并改善应急服务uf(Uq*6,5b7+&2

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Akbari said more trees and grass are needed to cool cities.

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Akbari说,城市需要更多树木和草地来降温iR6gXin4xFF2e4jJxzy

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He added that structures should be built with new materials that are lighter in color and reflect more light.

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他补充道,建筑结构应该用颜色更浅、能反射更多光线的新材料建造~ldYpp%jb^8

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That would also lower temperatures and save energy.

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这也可以降低温度,节约能源DcKgv(k@t~#I%4

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To supply energy demands, Mukherjee said cities need to use more wind and solar power.

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Mukherjee说,为了满足能源需求,城市需要更多地使用风能和太阳能hCFpi!D;8#!

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Experts say the heat-trapping carbon gasses have pushed the world's climate to an extreme.

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专家表示,温室气体已经将全球气候推向了一个极端=Nxp7K[n|YHY9

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"The more frequent and intense heat waves are showing that we need to prepare ourselves more to address this problem in the future," Mukherjee said.

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Mukherjee表示:“越来越频繁和强烈的热浪表明,我们需要为未来解决这一问题做更多准备IQ8MYp6jPo20l。”

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I'm Dan Novak.

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丹·诺瓦克为您播报_3z*P*dVx4.

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译文为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

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重点解析

重点讲解:

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1.invisible 无形的,里看不见的

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Most spiders weave webs that are almost invisible.

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大多数蜘蛛可结成几乎看不见的网@G9[%RH_jlhoF*

关注微信公众号【可可双语精读】,获取更多详细优质讲解内容G|*P)[5XF][hp+gT

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