海外文化:英美民俗-狼人
日期:2009-06-03 13:37

(单词翻译:单击)

英文原文

【英文原文】

摘要:狼人据说是一种可以时时变化为狼的人。

The werewolf, according to superstition, in a person who from time to time changes into a wolf. The change is usually said to occur when the moon is full. Werewolves appear in many old stories. In some tales, they turn themselves into wolves by putting on a wolf skin, by drinking water from a wolf's footprint, or by rubbing a magic ointment on their bodies. In other stories, they are transformed by someone else's magic power.

The werewolves in most stories roam about at night, attacking and eating people or devouring dead bodies. In the stories the people who are threatened by werewolves use various methods to bring them back to human form. These methods include saying the werewolf's real name, hitting the werewolf three times on the forehead, and making the sign of the cross. According to the stories, if a wolf had humanlike eyes and a short or missing tail, people could be sure that it was a werewolf. And if a werewolf were wounded, the wound would still show the next day when the werewolf had changed back into a human being. It was a way to find out a werewolf's identity.

中文译文

【中文译文】

狼人据说是一种可以时时变化为狼的人。这种变化常常发生在满月之时。据一种说法,狼人须披上狼皮,饮狼的足迹里的水或往身上涂药膏才能变为狼。所另一种说法,狼人是别人施了魔法才变化的。

狼人在夜间到处游荡,攻击活人或者吞食死尸。受到狼人威胁的人使用种种方法使他们恢复人形。其中包括呼唤狼人的真名,在狼人的额上敲击三下,或对着狼人划十字。据说,如果狼长有与人眼相似的眼睛,尾巴很短或没有尾巴,那么可以断定它是狼人。狼人若在夜里受了伤,白天恢复人形后伤口犹在,由此可断定他是狼人。

题外话

【题外话】

在欧洲中世纪,狼人的迷信曾为残害某些行为古怪或信异教的人提供借口,也有人利用这种迷信报私仇。据记载,德国有个名叫彼得•斯塔布的人经拷打后供认自己接受了魔鬼赠的魔带,束上魔带就能变成狼。法官当然无法在斯塔布所说的地点找到魔带,于是解释说,魔鬼已经把他的赠礼收回,自然无法找到了。虽无证据,斯塔布还是被判了死刑。人们用烧红的火钳把他的身上的肉一块块夹下来,用木斧将他的四肢砸烂,然后砍掉他的头,并将尸体焚烧。在另一起狼人案里,一个“狼人”被砍断四肢,说是为了找到皮肤下面的狼毛。狼毛自然没有找到,受害人被宣判无罪,但他已经被折磨死了。17世纪初,法国有一个男人声称夜间独行时,遇到狼人,砍掉一只狼爪。次日,一个女人被发现少了一只手,于是被活活烧死。现代人很容易推断,很可能是那男人遇到夜间独行的女人,试图向她施暴,女人不从,男人就砍掉她的手,然后借狼人的迷信杀人灭口。16世纪,有三个法国男人经严刑拷打,供认接受了魔鬼的药膏,涂抹在身上就能变成狼。变成狼后,他们曾吞吃了几个小孩子,而且乐于与野母狼交合。现代人看来,这些迷信荒唐之极。

有一种精神病叫“变狼狂”(Iycanthropy),患者想象自己是一只狼,夜间活动,发出狼嚎,还会攻击人。这或许是狼人迷信的一个来源。

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