Let's move on to the third one. The third characteristic is to listen actively by taking comprehensive notes in an organized way, like what you should be doing now.
我们来看第三个。第三个特点是积极听讲，有条理地做笔记，你现在就应该这样做。
We lecturers are always amazed at the number of students who engage in activities other than listening and note-taking in their lecture classes.
我们这些讲师惊奇地发现，参加课外活动的学生总是很多，认真听课做笔记的却不多。
We've seen students reading newspapers, doing an assignment for another class, or chatting with a classmate.
我们经常看到学生们上课看报纸，做其他课的作业，或者聊天。
Perhaps the all-time winner for passive learning, however, was a student who regularly came to my class with a pillow and fell asleep.
然而，也许被动学习者当中，表现最好的是一名这样的学生，按时带着枕头来上我的课，一上课就睡着。
Unlike these students, active learners are engaged learners.
与这些学生不同的是，主动学习者学习很投入。
They listen actively to the professor for the entire class period, and they write down as much information as possible.
他们整堂课都积极听教授讲课，并尽量多写下些信息。
To be an active note-taker, you must be more than simply present. You have to think about the information before you write.
要积极记笔记，不仅仅是现在。你必须先思考这些信息，然后再写下来。
The fourth characteristic is to get assistance when they are experiencing problems.
第四个特点是在遇到问题时寻求帮助。
Because active learners are constantly monitoring their understanding, they know when their comprehension breaks down, and they ask for help before they become lost.
因为主动学习者不断地监测着自己的理解，知道自己的理解有误时，会及时寻求帮助。
In addition, active learners often predict the courses (or even particular concepts within courses) that may give them trouble.
此外，主动学习者经常预测他们可能会理解不了的课程(甚至是课程中的特殊概念)。
They have a plan in mind for getting assistance should they need it. Active learners may seek assistance from their professors or peers.
他们脑中会有一个计划，需要帮助的时候会寻求帮助。主动学习者可能向他们的教授或同学寻求帮助。
Although passive learners may seek help at some point, it is often too little, too late.
虽然被动学习者某些时候也会寻求帮助，但往往太少、太迟。
In addition, because passive learners do not reflect and think critically, they often don't even realize that they need help.
此外，由于被动学习者不会反思和批判性思考，他们甚至没有意识到他们需要帮助。
The next characteristic is to question information.
下一个特征是质疑信息。
This means that active learners raise questions on information that they read and hear, while passive learners accept both the printed page and the words of their professors as "truth".
这意味着主动学习者会对他们读到听到的信息提出问题，而被动学习者会将纸上的文字和教授的话都奉为“真理”。
Of course, active learners don't question everything, but they do evaluate what they read and hear.
当然，主动学习的人并不会质疑一切，但他们确实会评估自己读到听到的内容。
When new information fails to "fit in" with what they already know, they may differ in the conclusions they draw or in the inferences they make.
当新信息不符合他们已知的内容时，他们可能会在结论或推论中提出不同意见。